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Benjamin Patterson (Pittsburgh, May 29, 1934) is an American musician, an artist and one of the founders of the Fluxus movement. ==Biography== Benjamin Patterson was born in Pittsburgh on May 29, 1934. He attended the University of Michigan from 1952 to 1956, where he studied the contrabass, Composition, and Film Direction. As an African American musician, it was impossible for him to get a job at a symphony orchestra in the United States, so he started out playing with Canadian orchestras. From 1956 to 1960, he worked as a double bassist at the Halifax Symphony Orchestra (1956–57), the US Army 7th Army Symphony Orchestra (1957–59) and the Ottawa Philharmonic Orchestra (1959–60).〔Smith, Owen. ''Fluxus: The History of an Attitude''. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California, 1998, p. 8〕 In 1960 he moved to Cologne, Germany where he became active on the contemporary music scene of the most radical, focusing its activities at the studio of Mary Bauermeister and "against the festival." Between 1960 and 1962 he played in Cologne, Paris, Venice, Vienna and other places still participating in the first Fluxus Festival in Wiesbaden (1962).〔Smith, Owen. ''Fluxus: The History of an Attitude''. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California, 1998, pp. 73-75〕 Returning to New York and receiving his master's at the end of 1965 decided to retire from art, to live a "normal life". Despite the "retreat" he participated in the São Paulo Biennale in 1983, and his works are featured in the Silverman Collection exhibitions around the United States. After quitting artistic activity, he continued his career in art. He worked as general manager in the Symphony of the New World (1970–72), as Assistant Director of the Department of Cultural Affairs for New York City (1972–74), as director of development for the Negro Ensemble Company (1982–84), and as National Director for Pro Musica Foundation Inc. (1984–86). In 1988 he left his retreat, with a solo exhibition of new assemblages and installations at Emily Harvey Gallery in New York. He participated in several Fluxus Festival, and exhibitions of the group.〔Smith, Owen. ''Fluxus: The History of an Attitude''. San Diego State University Press, San Diego, California, 1998, pp. 73-75〕 Between 1988 and 2003, he participated in nine group and four solo exhibits at the gallery. Patterson cites the artists Robert Watts, George Brecht and Dick Higgins as his greatest influences. These are the most recent exhibitions in which he participated: Pianofortissimo (Milan and Genoa), Ubi Fluxus ibi Motus (Venice Biennale, 1990), Fluxus (Museion in Bolzano, Cortona, Volpaia, Bassano del Grappa), The Fluxus Constellation (Museum 'Arte Contemporanea di Villa Croce, Genoa), Wiesbaden Festival 2002, 4TFLUXUS (Paris), L'Avventura Fluxus (Museum of the Absurd – Castelvetro of Modena). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ben Patterson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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